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# Copyright (c) OpenMMLab. All rights reserved.
# Originally from https://github.com/visual-attention-network/segnext
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License")
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
from mmcv.cnn import ConvModule
from mmengine.device import get_device
from mmseg.registry import MODELS
from ..utils import resize
from .decode_head import BaseDecodeHead
class Matrix_Decomposition_2D_Base(nn.Module):
"""Base class of 2D Matrix Decomposition.
Args:
MD_S (int): The number of spatial coefficient in
Matrix Decomposition, it may be used for calculation
of the number of latent dimension D in Matrix
Decomposition. Defaults: 1.
MD_R (int): The number of latent dimension R in
Matrix Decomposition. Defaults: 64.
train_steps (int): The number of iteration steps in
Multiplicative Update (MU) rule to solve Non-negative
Matrix Factorization (NMF) in training. Defaults: 6.
eval_steps (int): The number of iteration steps in
Multiplicative Update (MU) rule to solve Non-negative
Matrix Factorization (NMF) in evaluation. Defaults: 7.
inv_t (int): Inverted multiple number to make coefficient
smaller in softmax. Defaults: 100.
rand_init (bool): Whether to initialize randomly.
Defaults: True.
"""
def __init__(self,
MD_S=1,
MD_R=64,
train_steps=6,
eval_steps=7,
inv_t=100,
rand_init=True):
super().__init__()
self.S = MD_S
self.R = MD_R
self.train_steps = train_steps
self.eval_steps = eval_steps
self.inv_t = inv_t
self.rand_init = rand_init
def _build_bases(self, B, S, D, R, device=None):
raise NotImplementedError
def local_step(self, x, bases, coef):
raise NotImplementedError
def local_inference(self, x, bases):
# (B * S, D, N)^T @ (B * S, D, R) -> (B * S, N, R)
coef = torch.bmm(x.transpose(1, 2), bases)
coef = F.softmax(self.inv_t * coef, dim=-1)
steps = self.train_steps if self.training else self.eval_steps
for _ in range(steps):
bases, coef = self.local_step(x, bases, coef)
return bases, coef
def compute_coef(self, x, bases, coef):
raise NotImplementedError
def forward(self, x, return_bases=False):
"""Forward Function."""
B, C, H, W = x.shape
# (B, C, H, W) -> (B * S, D, N)
D = C // self.S
N = H * W
x = x.view(B * self.S, D, N)
if not self.rand_init and not hasattr(self, 'bases'):
bases = self._build_bases(1, self.S, D, self.R, device=x.device)
self.register_buffer('bases', bases)
# (S, D, R) -> (B * S, D, R)
if self.rand_init:
bases = self._build_bases(B, self.S, D, self.R, device=x.device)
else:
bases = self.bases.repeat(B, 1, 1)
bases, coef = self.local_inference(x, bases)
# (B * S, N, R)
coef = self.compute_coef(x, bases, coef)
# (B * S, D, R) @ (B * S, N, R)^T -> (B * S, D, N)
x = torch.bmm(bases, coef.transpose(1, 2))
# (B * S, D, N) -> (B, C, H, W)
x = x.view(B, C, H, W)
return x
class NMF2D(Matrix_Decomposition_2D_Base):
"""Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) module.
It is inherited from ``Matrix_Decomposition_2D_Base`` module.
"""
def __init__(self, args=dict()):
super().__init__(**args)
self.inv_t = 1
def _build_bases(self, B, S, D, R, device=None):
"""Build bases in initialization."""
if device is None:
device = get_device()
bases = torch.rand((B * S, D, R)).to(device)
bases = F.normalize(bases, dim=1)
return bases
def local_step(self, x, bases, coef):
"""Local step in iteration to renew bases and coefficient."""
# (B * S, D, N)^T @ (B * S, D, R) -> (B * S, N, R)
numerator = torch.bmm(x.transpose(1, 2), bases)
# (B * S, N, R) @ [(B * S, D, R)^T @ (B * S, D, R)] -> (B * S, N, R)
denominator = coef.bmm(bases.transpose(1, 2).bmm(bases))
# Multiplicative Update
coef = coef * numerator / (denominator + 1e-6)
# (B * S, D, N) @ (B * S, N, R) -> (B * S, D, R)
numerator = torch.bmm(x, coef)
# (B * S, D, R) @ [(B * S, N, R)^T @ (B * S, N, R)] -> (B * S, D, R)
denominator = bases.bmm(coef.transpose(1, 2).bmm(coef))
# Multiplicative Update
bases = bases * numerator / (denominator + 1e-6)
return bases, coef
def compute_coef(self, x, bases, coef):
"""Compute coefficient."""
# (B * S, D, N)^T @ (B * S, D, R) -> (B * S, N, R)
numerator = torch.bmm(x.transpose(1, 2), bases)
# (B * S, N, R) @ (B * S, D, R)^T @ (B * S, D, R) -> (B * S, N, R)
denominator = coef.bmm(bases.transpose(1, 2).bmm(bases))
# multiplication update
coef = coef * numerator / (denominator + 1e-6)
return coef
class Hamburger(nn.Module):
"""Hamburger Module. It consists of one slice of "ham" (matrix
decomposition) and two slices of "bread" (linear transformation).
Args:
ham_channels (int): Input and output channels of feature.
ham_kwargs (dict): Config of matrix decomposition module.
norm_cfg (dict | None): Config of norm layers.
"""
def __init__(self,
ham_channels=512,
ham_kwargs=dict(),
norm_cfg=None,
**kwargs):
super().__init__()
self.ham_in = ConvModule(
ham_channels, ham_channels, 1, norm_cfg=None, act_cfg=None)
self.ham = NMF2D(ham_kwargs)
self.ham_out = ConvModule(
ham_channels, ham_channels, 1, norm_cfg=norm_cfg, act_cfg=None)
def forward(self, x):
enjoy = self.ham_in(x)
enjoy = F.relu(enjoy, inplace=True)
enjoy = self.ham(enjoy)
enjoy = self.ham_out(enjoy)
ham = F.relu(x + enjoy, inplace=True)
return ham
@MODELS.register_module()
class LightHamHead(BaseDecodeHead):
"""SegNeXt decode head.
This decode head is the implementation of `SegNeXt: Rethinking
Convolutional Attention Design for Semantic
Segmentation <https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.08575>`_.
Inspiration from https://github.com/visual-attention-network/segnext.
Specifically, LightHamHead is inspired by HamNet from
`Is Attention Better Than Matrix Decomposition?
<https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.04553>`.
Args:
ham_channels (int): input channels for Hamburger.
Defaults: 512.
ham_kwargs (int): kwagrs for Ham. Defaults: dict().
"""
def __init__(self, ham_channels=512, ham_kwargs=dict(), **kwargs):
super().__init__(input_transform='multiple_select', **kwargs)
self.ham_channels = ham_channels
self.squeeze = ConvModule(
sum(self.in_channels),
self.ham_channels,
1,
conv_cfg=self.conv_cfg,
norm_cfg=self.norm_cfg,
act_cfg=self.act_cfg)
self.hamburger = Hamburger(ham_channels, ham_kwargs, **kwargs)
self.align = ConvModule(
self.ham_channels,
self.channels,
1,
conv_cfg=self.conv_cfg,
norm_cfg=self.norm_cfg,
act_cfg=self.act_cfg)
def forward(self, inputs):
"""Forward function."""
inputs = self._transform_inputs(inputs)
inputs = [
resize(
level,
size=inputs[0].shape[2:],
mode='bilinear',
align_corners=self.align_corners) for level in inputs
]
inputs = torch.cat(inputs, dim=1)
# apply a conv block to squeeze feature map
x = self.squeeze(inputs)
# apply hamburger module
x = self.hamburger(x)
# apply a conv block to align feature map
output = self.align(x)
output = self.cls_seg(output)
return output